Illinois 53rd District · Data Hub

Public Safety

In 2023, Illinois became the first state in the nation to eliminate cash bail. Since then, crime trends have moved unevenly, corrections and courts have absorbed a structural shift toward supervision, and more than 90 public-safety bills are pending in Springfield this session. This page walks through the SAFE-T Act, what the crime data actually shows, drugs and firearms, corrections and courts, law enforcement and emergency response, and current legislation.

One connected system, not six separate agencies

What Public Safety Means in Illinois

Public safety encompasses the services and infrastructure designed to safeguard communities and prevent harm. In Illinois, it operates as a connected system: decisions made at each stage, from a 911 call to a courtroom to a cell block, shape outcomes at every other stage.

12.8M
Illinois Residents
Served by the statewide public safety system
102
Counties
Each with its own sheriff's office and courts
900+
Law Enforcement Agencies
State, county, municipal, and special jurisdiction
1,100+
Fire & EMS Agencies
Coordinated through state emergency management statewide

Public safety is not one agency; it spans law enforcement, courts, corrections, emergency communications, and public health prevention, each feeding into the next.

Law Enforcement
Investigates crime, makes arrests, and enforces laws and regulations statewide.
Fire & EMS
Responds to fires, medical emergencies, and hazardous conditions across every county.
Courts & Pretrial Systems
Circuit, appellate, and supreme courts determine detention, release, and sentencing.
Corrections
Manages incarceration, supervision, and reentry for those convicted of offenses.
911 & 988 Services
Emergency and crisis dispatch, connecting residents to the right responder.
Public Health & Prevention
Behavioral health, overdose prevention, and community-based intervention services.

As the state's primary law enforcement agency, the Illinois State Police (ISP) operates specialized units and support services on top of county and municipal policing.

Mission
Protect public safety and pursue justice for the people of Illinois.
Vision
Seeking to be a premier policing agency striving for excellence.
Values
Integrity, service, and pride.
Goals
Improve quality of life, safeguard the public, and provide leadership.

Source: Illinois State Police.

Key Takeaway Public safety in Illinois isn't a single agency; it's a chain of law enforcement, court, and corrections decisions, backed by 911/988 dispatch and public health prevention, where pressure absorbed at one link shows up as pressure everywhere else in the system.
The first state to eliminate cash bail statewide

What Changed Under the SAFE-T Act

The Safety, Accountability, Fairness and Equity-Today (SAFE-T) Act was enacted in 2021. Its pretrial provision, the Pretrial Fairness Act (PFA), took effect on September 18, 2023, eliminating cash bail statewide and replacing it with a risk-based pretrial framework.

2021
SAFE-T Act Enacted

Illinois enacted the SAFE-T Act, a broad criminal justice reform package that included pretrial detention reform, policing reforms, body camera requirements, and detainee rights, alongside broader decarceration goals.

Sept. 18, 2023
Pretrial Fairness Act Takes Effect

The Act's pretrial provision took effect statewide. Illinois became the first state in the nation to eliminate cash bail, moving from a money-based release system to one based on risk and compliance.

2024
First-Year Outcomes Reviewed

Researchers at Loyola University Chicago's Center for Criminal Justice published the first systematic look at detention rates, case composition, and county-level practices under the new law.

Pretrial Release Standard
Defendants Are Presumed Eligible for Release
Detention requires the State to prove, by clear and convincing evidence, that the defendant:
  • Committed a detention-eligible offense
  • Poses a real and present safety threat or a flight risk
  • Cannot be mitigated by any combination of release conditions
Beyond Bail
A Broader Reform Package
The SAFE-T Act also included:
  • Statewide policing reforms and use-of-force standards
  • Body camera requirements for law enforcement agencies
  • Expanded detainee rights
  • Broader decarceration goals across the justice system

Source: Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority (ICJIA); Illinois Policy Institute.

CategoryWhat Qualifies
Detainable OffensesNon-probationable offenses, forcible felony, stalking, violations of an order of protection, domestic battery, sex offenses, any attempt of the above, and willful flight. The State may request detention if the defendant poses a safety or flight risk that no conditions can reduce.
Non-Detainable OffensesCertain lower-level battery offenses, theft and property offenses, traffic offenses, business offenses, and Class A, B, and C misdemeanors. Defendants are generally released with a notice to appear.

Source: Illinois Policy Institute; SAFE-T Act (Public Act 101-652).

53%
Detention-Eligible Cases Involved Domestic Violence
Of nearly 25,000 cases in the PFA's first 10 months
39%
Had a Detention Petition Filed
Of detention-eligible cases
24%
Resulted in Detention
Eligibility sets a threshold; it does not guarantee detention

Being detention-eligible does not mean detention occurs. Actual detention depends on charge severity, judicial decisions, and county-level practices, which vary significantly across Illinois's 102 counties.

Source: Loyola University Chicago Center for Criminal Justice, One Year of Bail Reform in Illinois.

Courts & Pretrial Investment
  • $26M to establish the Office of Statewide Pretrial Services (OSPS)
  • 165 new positions created across Illinois counties
  • $1.6M for pretrial data technology systems
  • Supports pretrial decision-making, reporting, and supervision statewide
Law Enforcement & Compliance
  • $6.5M ISP investment (FY2022–FY2023) for body cameras and storage
  • $10M+ to the Law Enforcement Training Standards Board (LETSB) for training and compliance
  • Camera grant fund increased from $3.4M to $13.6M
  • $1.6M to ICJIA for reporting, implementation, and additional support

Source: Civic Federation, Illinois Criminal Justice Agency Budget Requests for FY2023 Reflect SAFE-T Act Implementation.

Key Takeaway The SAFE-T Act shifted Illinois from a detention-centered pretrial system to a supervision-based one, and the more than $40 million spent standing up statewide pretrial services, training, and camera infrastructure reflects the scale of that structural change.
Reading Illinois' crime numbers without misreading them

What the Numbers Actually Show

Illinois public safety trends are improving overall, but the improvement is uneven by offense type and geography. The focused question isn't simply whether Illinois is "safe" or "unsafe"; it's where the system is still under the most pressure and demand.

Improving Overall
Many statewide indicators declined from recent peaks and generally moved with national crime declines.
Still Elevated in Places
Homicide, robbery, burglary, drug/narcotic activity, and county-level variation remain important concerns.
Interpret Carefully
NIBRS participation and reporting practices affect year-to-year and state-to-state comparisons.
Use Targeted Responses
Planning should focus on specific offenses, specific regions, and the systems absorbing crime's demand.
NIBRS Transition (2021)
The FBI replaced the old Summary Reporting System (SRS) with the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) in 2021. NIBRS captures multiple offenses per incident, so higher totals compared to national figures can reflect better reporting rather than more crime.
Reporting Participation
Illinois agencies submit monthly and annual NIBRS data to the state UCR program. Reporting increased from 641 agencies in 2023 to 767 agencies in 2024, which can affect year-to-year comparisons on its own.
Chicago's Influence on Illinois Data
Chicago accounts for roughly one-fifth of Illinois's population and a substantial share of reported crime. Chicago has experienced reporting gaps in past years, which can affect statewide totals.
Illinois Crime by Offense: 2024 vs. 2025
NIBRS offense counts, statewide · Source: Illinois State Police, Illinois Uniform Crime Reporting (preliminary 2025 data)

From 2024 to 2025, homicide declined 25.0%, burglary declined 43.6%, and robbery declined 33.4%. Drug/narcotic offenses moved the other direction, rising 9.7% to nearly 40,000 reported offenses; pornography offenses rose 4.75% as well.

All 2025 data is preliminary from FBI/Illinois NIBRS reporting. Source: Illinois Uniform Crime Reporting (ilucr.nibrs.com).

Composition of Violent Crime: Illinois vs. National, 2024
Share of reported violent crime by offense type · Source: USAFacts, FBI crime data

In Illinois, aggravated assault made up a smaller share of violent crime (50.6%) than nationally (71.3%), while robbery (31.2% vs. 16.9%) and rape (16.2% vs. 10.4%) made up larger shares. Illinois's overall crime rate remained below the national average in 2024.

Illinois was compared against Indiana, Missouri, Minnesota, Texas, California, and the national baseline across monthly per-100,000-population rates in 2024 and 2025. State-to-state comparisons should be read cautiously, since offense definitions, reporting practices, and charging standards vary.

Aggravated Assault

Low Among Peers

Illinois consistently ranked near the low end of the comparison group in 2024–2025, generally 9–14 incidents per 100,000 monthly. Missouri and California reported the highest rates.

Homicide

Mid-to-High

Illinois generally ranked among the higher comparison states in 2024 (0.3–0.6 per 100,000 monthly), tracking near Indiana and Texas in 2025 while trending downward late in the year.

Rape

Mid-to-High

Illinois generally remained in the middle of the comparison group in 2024, and among the higher reported-rate states in 2025 at roughly 3–4 incidents per 100,000 monthly.

Robbery

Elevated

Illinois remained among the higher comparison states through 2024–2025, generally 7–9 per 100,000 monthly in 2024, behind only California, which reported the highest rates throughout.

Burglary

Mixed

Illinois was among the higher comparison states in 2024 (19–27 per 100,000 monthly), then shifted to the lower-to-middle range in 2025, below California, Texas, and Missouri.

Source: FBI Crime Data Explorer; Council of State Governments Justice Center, Justice Data Snapshots.

CategoryStatusNote
Overall CrimeImprovingStatewide movement generally follows national declines.
Violent CrimeMixedSeveral categories improved, but homicide remains a key concern.
Property CrimeImprovingDeclines are visible, although burglary still holds demand on the system.
RobberyElevatedIllinois remains high relative to some Midwest peers.
Drug/Narcotic OffensesIncreasingMoving against the broader statewide decline.
County VariationSignificantSome counties increased despite statewide improvement.
County-level movement matters because statewide averages can hide local increases. In calendar year 2024–2025, McLean, Menard, and Logan counties saw sharp percentage growth in reported crime, while some counties, including Peoria and Champaign, saw declines. This shows that overall statewide trends do not affect every region equally.

Key Findings

  • Statewide, violent crime and property crime generally declined, while drug/narcotic offenses increased.
  • Illinois remained below several large states overall, though robbery rates stayed elevated relative to Midwest neighbors.
  • County-level trends varied significantly; some counties reported rising crime despite the statewide decline.

Recommended Focus Areas

  • Continue improving reporting consistency, NIBRS participation, and transparency around data gaps.
  • Identify counties and offense categories moving against the statewide trend.
  • Align enforcement, treatment, and overdose prevention around rising drug trends.
  • Track homicide, robbery, burglary, and sexual offenses separately from broad overall-crime movement.
  • Tie funding for law enforcement, courts, corrections, 911, 988, and behavioral health to measurable system pressure.
Key Takeaway Illinois public safety trends generally improved in recent years, but outcomes varied vastly by offense type and geographic region; homicide, robbery, burglary, and drug activity should not be treated as one broad crime trend.
Substance use, impaired driving, and gun policy converge on public safety

Overdoses, DUIs & the Firearms Debate

Fentanyl-driven overdose deaths, impaired driving, and firearm possession offenses each place distinct, sustained demands on Illinois's public safety and public health systems.

27.3 per 100k
Illinois's overdose death rate (CDC, 2023). Annual overdose deaths of 3,300–3,500 remain more than double 2013 levels, though 2023 itself was a down year, with IDPH reporting an 8% statewide decline. In 2023, 47% of Illinois overdose deaths involved fentanyl or tramadol.

The sharp increase beginning in 2020 aligns with the rise of synthetic opioids, particularly fentanyl. Nationally, fentanyl deaths rose from roughly 30,000 in 2017 to more than 70,000 in 2022–2023, while methamphetamine and cocaine overdoses more than doubled over the same period — a shift toward synthetic and multi-drug use that Illinois trends mirror.

Source: Illinois Department of Public Health, Semiannual Overdose Report; CDC National Vital Statistics System.

Driving Under the Influence (DUI) is operating a motor vehicle while impaired by alcohol, drugs, or other substances, or with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.08% or higher. Risk is concentrated among drivers ages 21–34, and arrest trends remain steady year over year.

23%
Of Traffic Deaths Involve Alcohol
Each year in Illinois
0.17
Average BAC of DUI Offenders
More than double the legal limit of 0.08
904
Underage DUI Arrests (2024)
Plus 245 zero-tolerance license suspensions

Source: Illinois Secretary of State, Rules of the Road / DUI data; Responsibility.org.

A Firearm Owner's Identification (FOID) Card is required to legally possess or purchase firearms and ammunition in Illinois, administered by ISP under the FOID Act (430 ILCS 65) and issued after a background check.

2,473,655
Total active FOID cards in Illinois, reflecting the scale of legal firearm ownership statewide.
Illinois Firearm Arrests by Type
Share of firearm-related arrests, 2021 · Source: Loyola CCJ, Firearm Possession Sentencing in Illinois

Illegal possession, "unlawful use of a weapon" not necessarily involving a violent act toward a victim, accounts for 72% of the state's firearm convictions. Use of a firearm in a violent crime (robbery, assault, criminal sexual assault) makes up 22%, and unlawful discharge makes up 6%. Despite an overall 38% drop in other prison admissions between 2014 and 2019, firearm possession admissions rose 27% over the same period.

Firearm Possession Share of Cook County Prison Admissions
2014 vs. 2019 · Source: Loyola CCJ, Firearm Possession Sentencing in Illinois

In Cook County specifically, illegal firearm possession offenses grew from 12% of all prison admissions in 2014 to 27% in 2019, more than doubling their share even as overall admissions fell, indicating a system focus on possession offenses rather than violent gun use.

Key Takeaway Fentanyl has driven overdose deaths to historic highs even as Illinois trends mirror the nation, while firearm possession, not violent gun use, is what's driving growth in Illinois's firearm-related incarceration.
Where cases land once law enforcement and courts have decided

Inside Illinois' Corrections & Courts System

The Illinois Department of Corrections (IDOC) manages individuals convicted of felony offenses, courts determine who enters or exits the system, and behavioral health and child welfare needs run through nearly every stage.

30,389
IDOC Prison Population
Late 2025 / early 2026
433
Incarceration Rate
Per 100,000 residents; combines state prisons, local jails, and other facilities, not IDOC population alone
3,100+
Probation & Court Services Staff
Supported by state judicial appropriations

Admissions have not returned to pre-2020 levels, with the SAFE-T Act (2023) reinforcing a structural shift toward fewer prison entries. COVID-19 caused a major decline in pretrial detention under the old cash bail system, and detention levels had not fully returned to pre-pandemic patterns before the PFA took effect. Courts remain the central decision point: circuit courts handle pretrial matters, facts, and sentencing; appellate courts review legal decisions; and the Supreme Court provides final oversight.

Source: John Howard Association of Illinois; Loyola CCJ Prison Data Dashboards.

$569.19M
Judicial Branch appropriation, FY2025, about 1.1% of Illinois's $52.05 billion General Revenue Fund. The state funds judges and statewide court services, while counties fund courthouse facilities, circuit clerk offices, and day-to-day trial court operations, totaling $240,058,421 in 2024.
Court-Related FundPurpose2024 Revenue
Court Automation FundAutomated system for court records$21,817,367
Court Document Storage FundStorage of court records$21,229,123
County Law Library FundMaintains law libraries for judges, attorneys, and the public$9,093,540
Circuit Court Clerk OperationsOffsets costs of collecting and disbursing funds$7,003,758
Traffic & Criminal Conviction SurchargeTraining for law enforcement and corrections officers$6,280,172
County Fund to Finance Court SystemHelps finance the court system in the county$5,294,895
Violent Crime Victims AssistanceSupports victim and witness assistance centers$4,085,712
Drug Treatment FundTreatment programs for addiction$3,049,166
Drivers Education FundSupports drivers education in high schools$1,611,807
Trauma Center FundSupports Illinois trauma centers$1,531,645
Child Support (pass-through)Court-ordered payments collected and disbursed by circuit clerks$914,691,164

Revenue collected by circuit clerks, 2024. Child support is a pass-through disbursement, not agency operating revenue, and is shown separately for that reason. State law now allows waivers of many fines, fees, and assessments, which has reduced this revenue over the last decade. Source: Illinois Courts, State and Local Funding for the Illinois Courts.

Mental health and substance use disorders are significantly more common among justice-involved individuals than in the general population, and treatment access remains limited at nearly every stage.

4–6x
More Common Among Justice-Involved
Mental health disorders vs. the general population
49–60%
Of Incarcerated Individuals
Report a mental health condition

About 63% of jail inmates have co-occurring substance use disorders, and roughly 89% of Illinois prisoners report experiencing traumatic events in their lifetime. An estimated 7–10% of all police-citizen interactions involve a mental health disorder, and 68% of Illinois police and sheriffs rank mental health crisis response among their top-3 community priorities. Yet only 63% of individuals with a history of mental health disorder received treatment in prison (2011–2013), and just 45% of those jailed received treatment (2011–2012). Individuals with a mental health disorder on parole are nearly twice as likely to be reincarcerated within one year of release.

Source: Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority (ICJIA), Research Hub.

30,000+
Licensed Social Workers in Illinois
Serving courts, corrections, DCFS, schools, and healthcare
60%
Of the Nation's Core Mental Health Providers
Are clinical social workers
74,000
Annual Job Openings Projected
Nationally, reflecting a widening workforce gap

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation.

Education & Vocational Training
ABE, GED, and college programs; certified trades like welding, construction, and automotive; job readiness certifications.
Behavioral & Cognitive Programs
TRAC (a 15-hour behavior and goal-setting program), anger management, cognitive behavioral therapy, and relapse prevention.
Substance Abuse & Mental Health
Therapeutic communities, peer recovery education, integrated mental health services, and drug court.
Reentry & Employment
Adult Transition Centers (work release), resume workshops, tax credit programs, and reentry summits.
Faith-Based & Support
Chaplaincy services, mentoring, and the Faith Behind Bars Act (2024), guaranteeing access to religious practice while incarcerated.

Work release participants see 15.5% lower rearrest, 36.9% lower reincarceration, and take 22% and 63% longer, respectively, to be rearrested or reincarcerated. Programs lasting less than one year are associated with higher recidivism, and stable employment is strongly linked to better long-term outcomes.

Source: Illinois Department of Corrections; ICJIA Research Hub.

Three-quarters of people released from Illinois prisons (75%) have no violent-crime rearrest, and fewer than 1% are arrested for murder after release. Of the violent rearrests that do occur, about 12% involve domestic violence offenses. Risk isn't evenly distributed by age: individuals ages 18–25 face roughly a 36% rearrest risk, the highest of any age group.

Source: Loyola CCJ, Recidivism Patterns Among Those Released from Prison in Illinois.

The Illinois Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS) promotes the well-being of children, youth, and families by responding to reports of abuse and neglect and connecting families to resources.

6,248
Children Achieved Permanency
Through reunification, adoption, or guardianship, FY2025
238K
Hotline Calls Answered
Responding to reports of abuse and neglect

Workforce reached 3,922 employees, the highest level in over two decades, with a 2.6% vacancy rate, an all-time low. Fully staffed teams drove a 24.7% reduction in worker caseloads (to a ratio of about 7.0), bringing DCFS into compliance with federal consent decrees for the first time since 1994. DCFS is separately rolling out a new statewide case-management framework, the SAFE Model, beginning mid-2026 as part of its "Forward Together" initiative; the agency projects it will further reduce investigations and expand community-based prevention referrals over the following 3–5 years. Youth in care fell to 15,773 (down from 17,177 in FY2024), with 2,563 reunifications and a 36.2% permanency rate, the best in over a decade — and DCFS served roughly 60,000 families and licensed 7,400 day care facilities statewide along the way. For the first time in more than 10 years, more youth exited foster care than entered it.

Source: Illinois DCFS; U.S. Children's Bureau, Child Welfare Outcomes.

The Illinois Department of Juvenile Justice (IDJJ) houses youth committed to state custody through juvenile court proceedings, emphasizing rehabilitation, aftercare, and reentry rather than long-term incarceration.

215
Youth in IDJJ Facilities
Up from 171 in 2023; mid-November 2025 snapshot
6.2 mo.
Average Length of Stay
In IDJJ custody

Offense severity in IDJJ facilities is concentrated: 89.6% of youth held were committed for one of the top four offense classes (murder through Class 2), and a Class X offense alone accounted for 33.0% of the 2025 facility population, the largest single category. Statewide juvenile arrests fell 33% from 2018 to 2021 before rebounding sharply, up 58% from 2021 to 2022 to 5,068 arrests, above the 2018 pre-pandemic total of 4,775. Recent IDJJ recidivism is far below FY2015 exits, when 52.1% of youth returned to custody within three years; by FY2022 exits that rate had fallen to 32.1%, though roughly one in three youth still returned to custody within three years.

Source: Illinois Department of Juvenile Justice; Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority (ICJIA).

Key Takeaway Mental health, substance use, and child welfare needs run through nearly every stage of Illinois's justice system; DCFS's recent workforce and caseload gains show what fully-staffed, well-funded intervention can do when it's in place, while IDJJ's growing facility population and persistent recidivism show the juvenile side of the system remains under its own distinct pressure.
Who answers the call, and what it costs

Officers, Dispatchers & First Responders

Illinois maintains an above-average concentration of law enforcement, a consolidating 911 network moving toward next-generation technology, a growing 988 crisis system, and statewide emergency management coordination.

30,550
Police & Sheriff Patrol Officers
Top 5 states nationally for employment level, May 2023
900+
Law Enforcement Agencies
State, county, municipal, and special jurisdiction
1,840
ISP Sworn Officers
Statewide, with specialized units and support services
20.6
Officers Per 10,000 Residents
Above the national average; based on a narrower sworn-officer count than the patrol-officer figure above

Over a 10-year period (2013–2023), Illinois logged more than 883,000 arrests statewide, and a majority (53%) involved non-violent, lower-level offenses such as drug possession, minor property crimes, and public order violations, showing that law enforcement demand reflects broad community needs, not just violent crime.

Source: Police Scorecard; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Illinois ranks among the top five states nationally for police and sheriff patrol officer employment, trailing only California, Texas, Florida, and New York.

StateEmploymentHourly Mean WageAnnual Mean Wage
California68,010$53.74$111,770
Texas57,760$35.38$73,600
Florida48,030$37.73$78,480
New York37,910$42.98$89,400
Illinois30,550$42.13$87,630

Police and sheriff patrol officers, May 2023. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics.

FY2027 Proposed Budget
  • $995M – Illinois State Police funding allocation
  • $520M – Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority (ICJIA) systems
  • $141M – Law Enforcement Training Standards Board (LETSB)
State-Level Investment
  • $5.3M to hire and train 100 new troopers
  • $2.6M for body cameras and in-car systems
  • $30M+ for law enforcement camera grants statewide

State-level funding reflects only a portion of total justice system investment; local agency spending is significantly higher when viewed across the full system. Source: Office of the Governor, FY2025 & FY2027 Illinois State Budget proposals.

Illinois historically operated hundreds of independent 911 systems, duplicating equipment, staffing, and infrastructure. A decade of consolidation cut the number of 911 systems from 201 to 129 (-36%) and Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs) from 253 to 178 (-30%), improving interoperability, shared purchasing power, and resiliency during outages.

94%
Of IL PSAPs on NG911
167 of 178 PSAPs; 11 transitions pending
9.2M
911 Calls Handled Annually
Plus 16,000+ text-to-911 messages
$215M
Total FY2024 911 Revenue
$190M supports direct 911 operations

Funded under the Emergency Telephone Systems Act through a monthly surcharge, $1.50 per connection outside Chicago and up to $5.00 within the city, on wireless, landline, VoIP, and prepaid wireless service. FY2026 grants include $7.5M for consolidation and $9M for NG911 expenses; more than $65M has been awarded through consolidation grant programs to date. Because the surcharge is fixed and doesn't rise with inflation, the local tax share of PSAP costs will keep climbing over time.

Source: Illinois State Police, Statewide 911 Division.

Launched nationally on July 16, 2022, 988 provides free, confidential, 24/7 support for suicidal thoughts, substance use crises, and emotional distress, giving people a path to care before a crisis requires law enforcement, an emergency room, or hospitalization.

6
Illinois Crisis Call Centers
Operating statewide, 24/7/365
$15M
State Investment
Supporting Illinois's 988 crisis response centers
$231M
Federal SAMHSA Opportunity
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration funding to expand 988 operations nationally

Suicide ranks as the 11th leading cause of death in Illinois overall, and the 3rd leading cause for young adults ages 15–34. The state's vision is "no wrong door": 911 routes to mobile crisis response and 988 routes to community health providers, both feeding the same crisis infrastructure.

Source: Illinois Department of Human Services.

The Illinois Emergency Management Agency (IEMA-OHS) leads disaster preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery, coordinating local government, public safety, public health, schools, and 70+ partner organizations statewide.

Illinois invests more than $53.9 million annually in state and federal preparedness funding across the State Preparedness & Response Grant Program, the State Homeland Security Program, and the Urban Areas Security Initiative, supporting training, communications, and community resilience.

Illinois was designated a High Performance State for emergency preparedness in 2026, one of only 20 states to receive the recognition, alongside a $45 million public health modernization initiative and a $1.5 million investment in special pathogen treatment capability.

Source: IEMA-OHS; Illinois Homeland Security Advisory Council Annual Report.

Key Takeaway Illinois fields an above-average concentration of officers relative to population, has consolidated its 911 network by roughly a third over the past decade, and is expanding 988 and emergency management capacity, but the funding model behind each of these systems is under growing structural strain.
What Senator Balkema is co-sponsoring in Springfield

What Senator Balkema Is Doing

Senator Balkema has co-sponsored 91 public-safety-related bills this session, ranging from SAFE-T Act reform and firearms policy to DUI penalties and human trafficking protections.

SB3304
Expands Detainable Offenses for Fentanyl & DUI

Co-sponsored by Sen. Balkema. Adds new offenses to the list potentially detainable under the public safety prong: aggravated DUI for a third or subsequent time, manufacture or delivery of fentanyl, LSD, and narcotic drugs, and possession of fentanyl.

SB2134
Restores Pre-2021 Cash Bail Language

Co-sponsored by Sen. Balkema. Restores pre-2021 bail and preliminary hearing language in the Code of Criminal Procedure, replacing "pretrial release" terminology with traditional "bail" language throughout Illinois law.

SB0298
Repeal of the FOID Card Act

Co-sponsored by Sen. Balkema. Repeals the Firearm Owners Identification Card Act. Amends various Acts to make conforming changes.

SB2136
Repeals Assault Weapons Ban

Co-sponsored by Sen. Balkema. Repeals Illinois' bans and penalties on assault weapons, .50 caliber firearms, large-capacity magazines, and rate-of-fire enhancement devices, along with related FOIA exemptions.

Many SAFE-T Act reform bills filed across recent sessions, whether proposing shorter detention-hearing timelines, presumption-of-detention provisions, or restoring pre-2021 bail language, have stalled in the Assignments committee without receiving a floor vote.

Every public-safety-related bill Senator Balkema has co-sponsored this session. Search by bill number or keyword below.

Search Bills:
BillWhat It Does
SB1917Illinois DETERRENT ActRequires colleges and universities to publicly disclose significant gifts and contracts from foreign sources, prohibits contracts with foreign entities of concern, and requires large private universities to report related investments. The Illinois Board of Higher Education must maintain a searchable public database, with fines for noncompliance.
HB1226Senior Driver License Renewal RequirementsRequires in-person renewal for drivers age 79 and older and driving ability demonstrations for drivers age 87 and older or CDL holders age 75 and older. Allows immediate family members to submit written concerns about a driver's medical fitness, prohibiting anonymous reports. Effective July 1, 2026.
HB1278Domestic Violence Evidence Documentation at WorkRequires employers to allow employees to use employer-issued devices to document incidents of domestic or sexual violence and provide access to related digital evidence for legal proceedings. Employers may not retaliate against employees for such use.
HB2435Automated Commercial Call RestrictionsRestricts unsolicited automated commercial phone calls unless the recipient has consented or has an existing business relationship, with consent limited to one year and revocable at any time. Consumers may sue for $500 per violation, with exemptions for nonprofit, healthcare, and utility calls.
HB3281Mandatory Arrest in Domestic Violence IncidentsRequires law enforcement to arrest alleged abusers in domestic violence incidents, with discretion to divert juvenile offenders based on a domestic violence risk assessment. Non-arrest incidents must be referred to the state's attorney.
HB4328Hardwired Smoke Detector RequirementBans the sale or gifting of smoke detectors that are not hardwired or do not meet specified battery requirements beginning December 31, 2027, with violations subject to a petty offense fine.
HB4382Teen Passenger Restriction Penalties (DJ's Law)Increases penalties for graduated driver's license holders under 18 who violate passenger restrictions, allowing a six-month license suspension if the violation results in serious injury, permanent disability, or death. Effective January 1, 2027.
HB4654Human Trafficking Notices at Rest AreasAmends the Human Trafficking Resource Center Notice Act. Requires the Department of Transportation to post required notices in all public restrooms of each roadside rest area.
HB5253Fire District Trustee CompensationAmends the Fire Protection District Act, raising the annual compensation caps for fire protection district trustees, scaled to the size of the district's full-time paid firefighting force.
HB5595Repeal of Juvenile Delinquency Recordkeeping SystemRepeals the requirement for the Illinois State Police to maintain a separate statewide statistical recordkeeping system for studying juvenile delinquency.
SB0048Foreign Countries of Concern RestrictionsCreates the Foreign Countries of Concern Act, prohibiting governmental entities from contracting with certain foreign entities that would access personal identifying information, barring economic incentives, and prohibiting ownership of agricultural land, land near military installations, or critical infrastructure by entities associated with the People's Republic of China.
SB0091Senior Driver License Renewal RequirementsRequires in-person renewal for drivers age 79 and older and driving ability demonstrations for drivers age 87 and older or CDL holders age 75 and older. Allows immediate family members to submit written concerns about a driver's medical fitness. Effective July 1, 2026.
SB0109FOID / Concealed Carry Expiration DisplayRequires FOID cards to prominently display expiration dates, and combined FOID and concealed carry licenses to show separate expiration dates for both credentials on the card's front.
SB0110Concealed Carry on Public TransportationRemoves the prohibition on concealed carry on public transportation vehicles and facilities. Effective immediately.
SB0111Pretrial Detention Hearing Deadline ExtensionExtends the pretrial detention hearing deadline from 48 to 72 hours after a defendant's first appearance when a continuance is granted for certain felony charges including first degree murder and Class X through Class 3 felonies.
SB0267Trafficking Added to Sex Offender RegistryAdds trafficking-related offenses to the definition of "sex offense" under the Sex Offender Registration Act, including involuntary servitude and trafficking in persons for commercial sexual activity.
SB0280Enhanced Fentanyl Trafficking PenaltiesIncreases penalties for fentanyl-related offenses, creating a Class X felony for selling or dispensing any drug containing fentanyl (9–40 years, up to $250,000 fine) and a Class 1 felony for using electronic communications to facilitate fentanyl trafficking.
SB0284Bars Plea Deals for Child Sex TraffickingProhibits plea bargaining for involuntary sexual servitude of a minor, trafficking a minor, or grooming offenses. Also makes it a Class 4 felony for registered child sex offenders to work or be present at entertainment facilities exclusively serving minors.
SB0288Concealed Carry License Replacement FeeRequires a $5 fee for concealed carry license replacements due to name change, address change, or lost, destroyed, or stolen licenses, deposited into the State Police Firearm Services Fund.
SB0297Repeal of Firearm Silencer BanRemoves the prohibition on possessing or using firearm silencers and makes conforming changes to the Code of Criminal Procedure.
SB0298Repeal of the FOID Card ActRepeals the Firearm Owners Identification Card Act. Amends various Acts to make conforming changes. Effective immediately.
SB1208Non-Resident Concealed Carry ReciprocityAllows non-residents age 21 and older with valid permits from qualifying states to carry handguns in Illinois under reciprocal agreements. Out-of-state permits remain valid for 90 days after establishing Illinois residency.
SB1209Removes FOID Requirement for AmmunitionRemoves the FOID card requirement for acquiring or possessing ammunition and eliminates the requirement for sellers to verify a buyer's FOID card or concealed carry license before selling ammunition.
SB1211Expands Concealed Carry LocationsExpands concealed carry locations to include IDOT rest areas, public transportation vehicles and facilities, and public parks and athletic facilities operated by municipalities or park districts. Effective immediately.
SB1212Concealed Carry at IDOT Rest AreasAllows concealed carry at IDOT rest areas and their buildings, exempting them from the prohibition on carrying firearms in government-controlled buildings. Effective immediately.
SB1213Concealed Carry on Public TransportationRemoves the prohibition on concealed carry on publicly funded transportation vehicles and facilities. Effective immediately.
SB1214On-Duty Concealed Carry for FirefightersAllows full-time firefighters with valid concealed carry licenses to carry firearms on duty in public or in a vehicle, if approved by the local governing body.
SB1216Court Hearing Required to Revoke FOID CardsRequires a court hearing before a FOID card can be revoked, with a State's Attorney petitioning and proving ineligibility by clear and convincing evidence. ISP may still suspend FOID cards in certain circumstances.
SB1217Victim Notification on Offender ReleaseRequires the Prisoner Review Board to immediately notify crime victims when an offender is released early, pardoned, granted clemency, furloughed, or receives sentence credit, including offenders found guilty but mentally ill.
SB1219Court Hearing Required to Revoke FOID CardsRequires a court hearing before a FOID card can be revoked, with a State's Attorney petitioning the circuit court and proving ineligibility by clear and convincing evidence. Establishes temporary suspension procedures while cases are pending.
SB1222Repeal of the FOID Card ActRepeals the Firearm Owners Identification Card Act. Amends various Acts to make conforming changes. Effective January 1, 2026.
SB1256Disability Parking Placard RecertificationRequires individuals with disability parking plates or placards to recertify their disability every five years with a licensed medical professional's confirmation of continued eligibility.
SB1313Removes TRUST Act Protections for Non-CitizensRemoves TRUST Act protections for non-citizens charged or convicted of a criminal offense under Illinois law, requiring law enforcement to immediately notify immigration agents when such individuals are in custody. Effective immediately.
SB1316Repeal of the Illinois TRUST ActRepeals the Illinois TRUST Act. Makes corresponding changes in the Illinois Identification Card Act and the Illinois Vehicle Code. Effective immediately.
SB1332Expands Concealed Carry LocationsExpands concealed carry locations to include IDOT rest areas, public transportation vehicles and facilities, and public parks and athletic facilities operated by municipalities or park districts. Effective immediately.
SB1333Out-of-State Concealed Carry ReciprocityAllows Illinois to recognize out-of-state concealed carry permits from states with substantially similar training requirements or reciprocity agreements. Out-of-state permits remain valid for 90 days after establishing residency.
SB1334Lowers FOID Application Age to 18Lowers the age for independent FOID card applications from 21 to 18, and updates the religious photo exemption to apply to applicants 18 and older.
SB1335FOID Renewal Processing DeadlineRequires the Illinois State Police to process FOID card renewals within 60 business days, with automatic approval if the deadline is missed. Violations carry civil penalties of up to $500 per day.
SB1336Expands Concealed Carry LocationsExpands concealed carry locations to include IDOT rest areas, public transportation vehicles and facilities, and public parks and athletic facilities operated by municipalities or park districts. Effective immediately.
SB1337Repeal of Firearm Dealer License Certification ActRepeals the Firearm Dealer License Certification Act. Amends the Gun Trafficking Information Act and related statutes to make conforming changes. Effective immediately.
SB1360Statewide Public Safety Radio InteroperabilityStrengthens statewide public safety radio interoperability standards for police, fire, EMS, and emergency management agencies, and directs development of a long-term radio infrastructure funding plan. Effective July 1, 2025.
SB1400Restricts Adverse Possession ClaimsLimits adverse possession claims by prohibiting illegal occupancy from establishing ownership rights, and allows property owners to remove unauthorized subtenants when subleasing is prohibited by the original lease.
SB1563Clarifies Criminal Trespass EnforcementClarifies that eviction law does not prevent law enforcement from enforcing criminal trespass laws or removing persons and property from premises in cases of criminal trespass.
SB1569Increases Fentanyl Offense PenaltiesIncreases criminal penalties for fentanyl offenses, raising the sentencing enhancement for manufacturing or delivering fentanyl from 3 to 5 years and adding a 3-year enhancement for certain possession offenses.
SB1570Bans Kratom in IllinoisBans kratom in Illinois, prohibiting purchase, possession, sale, and distribution of kratom products. Violations are a Class B misdemeanor, with an additional minimum $500 fine for knowingly selling kratom.
SB1572Increases Human Trafficking PenaltiesIncreases penalties by one class for trafficking in persons, involuntary servitude, and involuntary sexual servitude of a minor, with Class X felony offenses carrying 9 to 45 years imprisonment.
SB1760Police Chaplain Training ProgramAmends the Illinois Police Training Act to require the Law Enforcement Training Standards Board to develop a training program for unpaid volunteers serving as police chaplains.
SB1773Adds Xylazine as Controlled SubstanceAdds xylazine to Illinois' Schedule III controlled substances beginning January 1, 2026, with exceptions for licensed veterinarians, certified euthanasia technicians, and approved animal medications.
SB1781Domestic Violence Death Investigation StandardsStrengthens domestic violence-related death investigations by requiring specialized law enforcement training and enhanced coroner investigations, helping prevent misclassification of homicides as suicides.
SB1866Environmental Protection Act Technical ChangeAmends the Environmental Protection Act. Makes a technical change in a Section concerning the short title.
SB1985Stop Squatters ActCreates the Stop Squatters Act, allowing property owners to request law enforcement removal of unlawful occupants via sworn complaint, and makes false claims of property ownership a Class 4 felony.
SB2075Restructures Motorcycle Safety TrainingRequires IDOT to contract with qualified nonprofit and college providers for motorcycle safety training, excluding motorcycle dealers from eligibility, and establishing statewide quality standards.
SB2134Restores Pre-2021 Cash Bail LanguageRestores pre-2021 bail and preliminary hearing language in the Code of Criminal Procedure, replacing "pretrial release" terminology with traditional "bail" language throughout Illinois law. Effective immediately.
SB2137Denies Release for Felons with Firearm ChargesAmends the Code of Criminal Procedure. Requires denial of pretrial release, notwithstanding any other provision of the Code, if the person is a felon charged with a firearm offense.
SB2136Repeals Assault Weapons BanRepeals Illinois' bans and penalties on assault weapons, .50 caliber firearms, large-capacity magazines, and rate-of-fire enhancement devices, along with related FOIA exemptions. Effective immediately.
SB2165Expands Bribery & Legislative Misconduct LawsExpands bribery and legislative misconduct laws to include receipt of property or personal advantage after an improper act has been performed, while exempting permissible campaign contributions.
SB2207Human Trafficking Training for Health ProfessionalsRequires licensed health care professionals to complete at least one hour of continuing education on identifying and reporting human trafficking beginning January 1, 2026.
SB2208Extended DUI Restriction for High-BAC OffendersRestricts individuals convicted of DUI with a blood alcohol concentration of .15 or more from driving with a BAC of .04 or more for one year after a first conviction or five years after a subsequent conviction.
SB2209Restoration of Pontiac Warden's Home SiteRequires the Department of Corrections to restore the site of dilapidated warden's homes at Pontiac Correctional Center to their pre-construction condition within 18 months.
SB2210Restoration of Decommissioned Pontiac ISP SiteRequires the Illinois State Police to restore the site of the decommissioned State Police building in Pontiac to its pre-facility condition within 18 months.
SB2211Restoration of Decommissioned Dwight Correctional CenterRequires the Department of Corrections to restore the site of the decommissioned Dwight Correctional Center, including the warden's home, to its pre-facility condition within 18 months.
SB2303Unlicensed Fire Sprinkler Work PenaltiesStrengthens penalties for unlicensed fire sprinkler contractor and inspection work, increasing fines for repeat violations and directing penalty revenues to the Fire Prevention Fund.
SB2323Statewide Trauma-Informed Human Trafficking ResponseCreates the Illinois Statewide Trauma-Informed Response to Human Trafficking Act, establishing a coordinated statewide system for trafficking prevention and victim services, including a DCFS trafficking unit for youth in care.
SB2341Expands Pretrial Detention for DUI & Drug OffensesExpands the list of offenses for which courts may deny pretrial release, adding third or subsequent aggravated DUI and serious controlled substance offenses involving fentanyl, LSD, and amphetamines.
SB2361Strengthens Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking ProtectionsStrengthens Illinois' legal framework for domestic minor sex trafficking by expanding police training, allowing immediate expungement of juvenile prostitution records, and removing mistake-of-age defenses.
SB2381Adds Unauthorized Recording to Sex Offender RegistryAdds unauthorized video recording or live transmission to registrable sex offenses under the Sex Offender Registration Act when the victim is under 18 and the offense was sexually motivated.
SB2738Increases Nitrous Oxide Offense PenaltiesIncreases by one class the penalties for unlawful possession of nitrous oxide and for manufacturing, delivering, or possessing with intent to deliver nitrous oxide for prohibited purposes.
SB3020Expands Definition of Harassment for Protective OrdersBroadens the definition of "harassment" in Illinois protective order laws to include stalking, electronic tracking, doxing, and non-consensual distribution of digitally altered or sexual images.
SB3040Foreign Countries of Concern RestrictionsCreates the Foreign Countries of Concern Act, prohibiting governmental entities from contracting with certain foreign entities and barring ownership of agricultural land, land near military installations, or critical infrastructure.
SB3089Pretrial Detention Hearing Deadline ExtensionExtends the pretrial detention hearing deadline from 48 to 72 hours after a defendant's first appearance when a continuance is granted for first degree murder and Class X through Class 3 felonies. Refiled version of SB111 (104th GA).
SB3091Shifts Burden of Proof for Fentanyl Trafficking DetentionShifts the burden of proof to defendants charged with manufacturing, delivering, or possessing with intent to deliver 15+ grams of fentanyl, requiring them to prove pretrial release poses no threat. Refiled version of SB113 (104th GA).
SB3095Non-Resident Concealed Carry ReciprocityAllows nonresidents age 21 and older with valid permits from states with substantially similar standards to carry concealed firearms in Illinois. Out-of-state permits remain valid for 90 days after establishing residency.
SB3096Lowers FOID Application Age to 18Lowers the minimum age for independent FOID card applications from 21 to 18, and updates the religious photo exemption to apply to applicants 18 and older.
SB3097FOID Renewal Processing DeadlineRequires the Illinois State Police to process FOID card renewals within 60 business days, with automatic approval if the deadline is missed. Violations carry civil penalties of up to $500 per day.
SB3132Removes FOID Requirement for AmmunitionRemoves the FOID card requirement for acquiring or possessing ammunition and eliminates the requirement for sellers to verify a buyer's FOID card before selling ammunition. Effective immediately.
SB3134Concealed Carry at IDOT Rest AreasAllows concealed carry at IDOT rest areas and their buildings, exempting them from the prohibition on carrying firearms in government-controlled buildings. Effective immediately.
SB3135Concealed Carry on Public TransportationRemoves the prohibition on concealed carry on publicly funded transportation vehicles and facilities. Effective immediately.
SB3137Restores Pre-2021 SAFE-T Act ProvisionsRestores various Illinois statutes to their pre-2021 form by repealing and reenacting provisions amended by the public acts that created the SAFE-T Act. Effective immediately.
SB3139Shifts Burden of Proof for Domestic Battery DetentionShifts the burden of proof to defendants charged with domestic battery, aggravated domestic battery, or violating an order of protection, requiring them to prove pretrial release poses no threat. Sponsored by Sen. Curran.
SB3140Increases Order of Protection Violation PenaltiesAmends the Criminal Code of 2012 to increase the penalties for violation of an order of protection by one class. Effective immediately. Sponsored by Sen. McClure.
SB3141Doubles Minimum Sentences for Protective Order ViolationsIncreases recommended minimum penalties for protective order violations to 48 hours imprisonment for a first violation and 96 hours for subsequent violations, doubling current minimums. Sponsored by Sen. Hills.
SB3142Felony Charges for Repeat Protective Order ViolationsElevates repeat protective order violations to a Class 4 felony when a defendant has any prior conviction for violating a protective, no-contact, or stalking no-contact order. Sponsored by Sen. Hills.
SB3281Creates Drone Privacy Invasion OffenseCreates a new offense for using drones to invade personal privacy by recording or transmitting video or audio over occupied residences without consent. Violations are a Class A misdemeanor.
SB3303FOID Card REAL ID Verification LanguageUpdates the required statement on FOID cards with photograph exemptions to specify validity for firearm purchases when presented with a REAL ID-compliant license, state ID, or passport.
SB3304Expands Detainable Offenses for Fentanyl & DUIAdds new offenses to the list of potentially detainable offenses under the public safety prong: third or subsequent aggravated DUI, manufacture/delivery of fentanyl, LSD, and narcotic drugs, and possession of fentanyl. Sponsored by Sen. Balkema.
SB3346Court Hearing Required to Revoke FOID CardsRequires a court hearing before a FOID card can be revoked, with a State's Attorney petitioning the circuit court and proving ineligibility by clear and convincing evidence within 45 days.
SB3510Strengthens Child Maltreatment Investigation CoordinationRequires Children's Advocacy Centers to operate under a multidisciplinary approach with structured information-sharing, and classifies repeat child endangerment violations as a Class 3 felony.
SB3995Military Installation & Critical Infrastructure ProtectionCreates the Military Installation and Critical Infrastructure Protection Act, prohibiting foreign principals from adversary countries from owning agricultural land or acquiring land within 25 miles of military installations.
SB4195Mandatory Pretrial Release Revocation for New FeloniesRequires mandatory revocation of pretrial release for defendants on electronic monitoring found to have committed a new felony while on release for a prior felony or Class A misdemeanor.
SB4196Amends TRUST Act for Federal Immigration EnforcementAmends the Illinois TRUST Act to allow state law enforcement to enforce federal immigration warrants and communicate with federal authorities on immigration matters. Repeals the Court Access, Safety, and Participation Act.
SR0816Urges Action on Reckless & Impaired DrivingAdopted. Urges IDOT, the Secretary of State, Illinois State Police, and local law enforcement to strengthen policies, enforcement, and sentencing guidelines around impaired driving, extreme reckless driving, and social media-driven dangerous driving.

Bill numbers link to each bill's official status page on the Illinois General Assembly website (104th General Assembly).

Key Takeaway Most of the public-safety bills Senator Balkema has co-sponsored this session fall into a handful of buckets: SAFE-T Act adjustments, firearms and concealed carry expansion, enhanced penalties for fentanyl and trafficking offenses, and FOID card process reforms, with SAFE-T Act reform proposals in particular seeing little movement despite repeated filings.