Illinois 53rd District · Data Hub

Illinois Economy

Illinois remains a top-five state economy by total output, but real growth has slowed since 2022, residents keep leaving for lower-tax states, and state spending is now growing five times faster than the economy that funds it. This page walks through GDP and growth, population and migration, jobs and the labor market, taxes and business climate, the state budget and fiscal outlook, the housing crisis, and current legislation before the General Assembly.

Three signals, and what they say about Illinois right now

Reading Illinois' Economy

Economists watch three signals above all others to gauge whether a state economy is healthy: GDP growth, population growth, and job creation. Illinois posts a mixed scorecard on all three, a large, diversified economy that is still growing, but more slowly than almost every neighboring state, while losing residents and businesses to lower-tax competitors.

GDP Growth
Reflects expanding economic output, rising productivity, and strong business investment, signaling a stable and resilient economy.
Healthy Population Growth
Reflects an expanding labor force, consumer demand, and long-term economic vitality by attracting workers, families, and businesses.
Strong Job Creation & Employment
Reflects a healthy labor market, increasing household income, consumer spending, and overall economic stability.
$920B
Real Gross Domestic Product
2025 (Q3); Illinois ranks among the top 5 state economies by GDP
12.71M
Population
2025; forecast to decline again in 2026–2027
5.1%
Unemployment Rate
May 2026; historically above the national average
6.55M
Civilian Labor Force
51% of total population; little changed since 2018
Metric20222023202420252026 Est.2027 Est.2025→2027
Real Gross State Product ($B, 2017$)876.9893.5902.8920.2931.5946.1▲ +2.8%
Total Employment (1,000s)6,073.96,117.86,153.46,154.06,131.36,120.4▼ −0.5%
Population (1,000s)12,606.212,668.112,714.612,712.012,686.612,648.6▼ −0.5%
Personal Income ($B)877.9923.7960.21,002.41,053.21,110.7▲ +10.8%
Private Housing Starts (1,000s)18.717.419.815.017.317.5▲ +16.7%, still low
Unemployment Rate, Q4 Avg. (%)4.54.84.94.55.25.4▲ +0.9 pts

Calendar years, Q4/Q4 for annual rates. Green = improving, red = worsening, gold = mixed signal. Source: S&P Global, Illinois Forecasts, April 2026.

This single forecast tells the whole story: output and personal income keep climbing, but total employment and population are both projected to turn negative again in 2026–2027, and the unemployment rate is expected to rise. Illinois is producing more with fewer people.
Key Takeaway Illinois checks the box on GDP growth, but comes up short on the other two indicators that define a healthy economy: population and job growth have both stalled, and the state's own forecasters expect them to slip again over the next two years.
A large economy that has slowed down

Big Economy, Slowing Growth

Illinois consistently ranks among the top five state economies in the country by total GDP, and maintains a large, diversified economic base. But real GDP growth, output adjusted for inflation, has slowed notably since 2022, and Illinois has trailed nearly every neighboring and peer state on growth since 2019.

Real GDP, all industry total, $ billions. 2025 reported through Q3; 2026–2027 are S&P Global estimates. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis; S&P Global.

Nominal GDP, which is not adjusted for inflation, has risen steadily since 2019. But that headline growth overstates how much better off Illinoisans actually are: inflation distorts the picture, and once it's stripped out, real GDP growth has been far more modest.

Percent change in real GDP, 2019 to 2025. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis.

Every one of Illinois' Midwest neighbors, and the two fastest-growing large states in the country, grew faster than Illinois over this period. Florida (32%) and Texas (30%) grew roughly four times faster than Illinois' 7%.

The Flash Index is a weighted average of Illinois growth rates in corporate profits, consumer spending, and personal income, with tax revenues first adjusted for inflation. It offers a monthly, real-time read on the direction of the state economy.

Monthly index, January 2019–December 2025. Source: University of Illinois, Institute of Government and Public Affairs.

The index cratered during the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown, rebounded sharply in 2021, and has trended steadily downward since 2022, now sitting near its lowest sustained level of the decade outside the pandemic shock itself.

Key Takeaway Illinois' economy is large but has stopped keeping pace: real GDP growth since 2019 is roughly a quarter of Florida's and Texas's, and the Flash Index shows growth decelerating every year since 2022.
Growth that depends entirely on people born elsewhere

Who's Leaving, and Who's Arriving

Illinois' population declined every year from 2014 to 2022, then began a modest rebound in 2023. But that rebound is being driven almost entirely by international migration into the state, while more Illinois residents than ever are moving to other states.

Net migration by year. Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

456,378
net domestic migration loss from 2020 through 2025 (residents who moved to another state, minus those who moved in). International migration, by contrast, increased more than 200-fold over the same years, from about 500 net arrivals in 2020 to over 111,000 in 2024.

IRS migration data shows large-scale movement to the South, especially Texas, Tennessee, and Florida, suggesting Illinoisans are relocating to states with lower taxes and higher perceived affordability. Migration to California and Arizona looks different: those moves are more likely driven by climate and lifestyle preferences than cost savings.

Destination StateNet People Gained From IllinoisNet Income Gained From Illinois
Florida+10,583+$2.4B
Texas+7,795+$488M
Indiana+5,966+$279M
Wisconsin+5,280+$369M
All Other States & DC (35 net destinations)Illinois lost residents to 38 states and D.C. in 2023

2023 tax-year data, the most recent available. Florida, Texas, Indiana, and Wisconsin are the four destinations the IRS/Illinois Policy analysis breaks out individually; the remainder is reported only in aggregate. Total net loss that year: 55,609 residents and $6 billion in adjusted gross income. Source: Illinois Policy Institute, analysis of IRS migration data.

High Tax Burden
Property taxes higher than most neighboring states (2nd-highest rate in the U.S., 2023 data); a flat income-tax structure limits flexibility.
Cost of Living
Rising housing costs in metro areas, layered on top of high property tax rates statewide.
Fiscal & Pension Concerns
One of the highest debt-per-capita levels in the U.S. (top 3 nationally), and concerns about long-term tax increases to cover it.
Employment Opportunities
Slower job growth than neighboring states, with some industries (retail, manufacturing) shrinking.

Source: Truth in Accounting, Financial State of the States 2025.

Lower-income migration affects state revenue much less than high-income migration. Households earning over $100,000 make up a disproportionate share of both who leaves and how much income leaves with them.

56%
Of Households That Left
Earned over $100,000 per year
$5.5B
Of the $6.2B Income Lost
Came from that same high-earning group
~89%
Of Lost Income
Tied to households earning over $100,000

Enough high-income migration, sustained over time, can slow revenue growth even while the state's total population stays relatively stable.

Source: Illinois Policy Institute, analysis of IRS migration data, 2023.

Key Takeaway Illinois' population is only growing again because of international migration; on net, 456,378 more residents moved out to other states than moved in from 2020 through 2025, and the households doing the leaving skew heavily toward the higher earners the state's tax base depends on most.
A workforce that has stopped growing

Jobs & the Labor Market

Illinois' civilian labor force, everyone employed or actively looking for work, has barely moved since 2018. Unemployment has historically run above the national average, and in 2025 Illinois was the only state in the Midwest to actually lose jobs.

Illinois civilian labor force, in residents. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

The civilian labor force represents Illinois residents who are either employed or actively seeking work, excluding military personnel and institutionalized individuals. It accounts for 51% of the state's total population, but the overall size of the workforce has remained essentially unchanged since 2018.

Monthly unemployment rate, January 2022–September 2025. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Illinois' unemployment rate has run above the national rate in nearly every month since 2022, and stood at 4.2% in September 2025, briefly converging with the national rate. That convergence didn't last: by May 2026, Illinois' rate had climbed to 5.1%, its highest level in years.

1,700
jobs lost in Illinois in 2025, one of just 16 states that lost jobs that year, and the only state in the Midwest to record a net job decline while every neighboring state added jobs.

Source: Illinois Policy Institute, analysis of U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics data.

Among the 10 occupations with the largest projected employment in Illinois, regardless of education level, nine are projected to shrink over the next five years. Only personal care aides are expected to grow.

Occupation2025 Jobs2030s Jobs (Est.)5-Year Change
General Managers178,150175,960−2,190
Laborers & Material Movers163,582160,526−3,056
Retail Salespersons136,058129,842−6,216
Stockers & Order Fillers132,846130,552−2,294
Fast Food Workers131,101128,557−2,544
Cashiers121,285109,625−11,660
Customer Service Reps111,677104,516−7,161
Janitors & Cleaners102,65299,745−2,907
Personal Care Aides93,87098,494+4,624
Waiters & Waitresses85,37981,892−3,487
Total1,256,6001,219,709−36,891

Source: Illinois Board of Higher Education, Illinois Workforce Demand 2025–2030.

Current Conditions
Unemployment rate 5.1% as of May 2026, up from 4.2% in September 2025; historically above the national average across most of the past three years; net loss of 1,700 jobs in 2025, the only Midwest state with negative job growth.
Structural Concerns
Outmigration is constraining the available labor force; employment growth continues to lag peer states.
Growth Areas
Healthcare and personal-care services are expanding, along with rising demand in advanced manufacturing and logistics.
Key Risks
An aging workforce, population stagnation, and competitive pressure from lower-tax, faster-growing states.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Illinois Economy at a Glance.

Key Takeaway Illinois' labor force has been essentially flat since 2018, unemployment runs persistently above the national average, and nine of the state's ten most common jobs are projected to keep shrinking, even as healthcare and logistics create pockets of real growth.
Businesses are voting with their addresses

Taxes & the Business Climate

Illinois ranks near the top of the country on corporate income tax, property tax, and gas tax rates all at once, and the trend of businesses leaving the state has steadily worsened since 2017. Among Midwestern states, Illinois residents are also the least likely to call their state affordable.

Net firm migration (businesses gained minus businesses lost), 2010–2023. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

By 2023, Illinois ranked third in the nation for the total number of businesses lost to other states, trailing only California and New York. Google, for example, has invested billions in new data centers just outside Illinois' borders rather than within it: $7 billion combined across its Council Bluffs and Cedar Rapids, Iowa campuses, and $15 billion near St. Louis, Missouri. Caterpillar relocated its global headquarters from Illinois to Texas in 2022.

Source: Cleanview Project Explorer; Illinois Policy Institute.

3rd Highest in the Nation
State Corporate Income Tax Rate
Illinois' 9.5% corporate income tax rate ranks third among all states in 2025.
  • New Jersey: 11.5%
  • Minnesota: 9.8%
  • Illinois: 9.5%
  • Alaska: 9.4%
  • Maine: 8.93%
Virtually Tied for 1st in the Nation
Effective Property Tax Rate
Illinois' 1.88% effective property tax rate is a virtual tie with New Jersey for the highest in the country (New Jersey edges it out by a hair once you go past two decimal places), a significant cost challenge for residents and businesses alike.
  • Illinois: 1.88%
  • New Jersey: 1.88%
  • Connecticut: 1.54%
  • Vermont: 1.51%
  • New Hampshire: 1.50%

Source: Tax Foundation, State Corporate Income Tax Rates and Brackets 2026; Property Taxes by State and County 2025.

StateGas Tax (Cents per Gallon)
California71¢
Illinois66¢
Washington59¢
Pennsylvania58¢
Indiana56¢

On top of taxes, Illinois' average residential utility bill was $109.99 per month in 2025, and industry analysts project that bill could rise 40% by 2030 and 100% by 2050 under current conditions.

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration; ICF, Energy Demand Report 2025.

Share of residents saying their state is affordable to live in. Source: Talker Research, survey of 5,000 Americans (100 per state).

Among 12 Midwestern states, Illinois has the lowest perceived affordability: only 27% of Illinois residents say their state is affordable, well behind every neighboring state. Nationally, Illinois isn't in the bottom five, those are Hawaii (12%), Alaska and Colorado (14%), Connecticut (16%), and Rhode Island (17%), but it is the clear outlier within its own region.

Illinois' combined state-and-average-local sales tax rate is 8.98%, the 8th-highest in the country. Between income, property, sales, and gas taxes, Illinois taxpayers face one of the broadest and heaviest combined tax burdens of any state.

Source: Tax Foundation.

Key Takeaway Illinois doesn't have one uncompetitive tax, it has four: a top-three corporate income tax rate, a tied-for-first property tax rate, a second-highest gas tax, and a top-ten sales tax, and residents feel it, ranking their state dead last on affordability among Midwest peers.
Spending is outrunning the economy that funds it

The State Budget & Fiscal Outlook

Illinois' total appropriations have roughly doubled since FY2019. General Funds, the dollars the General Assembly has the most discretion over, keep climbing steadily, and state expenditures are now projected to grow five times faster than the state's real economic output.

Illinois General Assembly
Appropriates funds, passes the state budget, and authorizes spending.
Governor of Illinois
Proposes the budget, signs or vetoes appropriations, and manages execution.
Governor's Office of Management and Budget (GOMB)
Prepares revenue forecasts, monitors agency spending, and advises the Governor on available revenues.
COGFA
The Commission on Government Forecasting and Accountability provides independent revenue estimates and fiscal analysis to the legislature.
Office of the Comptroller
Records transactions, audits spending, issues financial reports, and oversees state finances.
Office of the Auditor General
Reviews the obligation, expenditure, receipt, and use of public funds.

Source: Office of the Illinois Auditor General; Illinois Commerce Commission, Citizens' Guide.

Appropriated Funds include General Funds, federal funds, and numerous dedicated or restricted state funds. A significant share of these revenues is federally or statutorily earmarked, which limits the state's real flexibility despite the larger headline budget total. General Funds are the dollars the General Assembly can allocate most freely across core priorities like education, human services, public safety, and pensions.

$53.7B
General Funds, FY2026: the dollars the General Assembly allocates most freely
$215.3B
Total Appropriated Funds, FY2026: General Funds are just 25% of this total
Fund GroupFY2026 ($M)
Special State Funds$86,848
General Funds$53,733
Bond Financed Funds$25,986
Highway Funds$23,324
Federal Trust Funds$17,664
Debt Service Funds$4,365
State Trust Funds$1,992
Revolving Funds$1,373

Source: Office of the Illinois Auditor General; Illinois Commerce Commission, Citizens' Guide; Office of the Comptroller, Statewide Accounting Management Data Warehouse.

FY2026, $ millions. Source: Illinois Department of Revenue.

Three sources, individual income tax, sales taxes, and corporate income tax, total $44.3 billion and account for roughly 80% of all General Funds revenue.

FY2026 General Funds expenditure by category, $ millions. Source: Office of the Governor, February 2026.

Education, Human Services, Pensions, and Healthcare together account for roughly 80% of all General Funds spending. Pensions alone consume a larger share of the budget than most other single category; see the Pensions page for the full breakdown of that $143.5 billion liability.

Fund Group ($M)FY2019FY2020FY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025*FY2026*
General Funds$37,234$39,113$40,695$43,750$47,721$50,674$52,357$53,733
Special State Funds$36,216$41,114$47,785$53,710$61,666$61,373$65,746$86,848
Bond Financed Funds$7,559$28,130$29,584$28,164$26,866$25,446$27,062$25,986
Highway Funds$8,999$16,965$17,590$18,246$17,941$19,011$21,035$23,324
Federal Trust Funds$8,401$12,239$26,545$31,708$26,323$22,285$20,515$17,664
Debt Service Funds$5,850$3,626$6,301$5,814$5,265$4,152$5,478$4,365
Revolving Funds$1,217$1,227$1,231$1,219$1,319$1,446$1,269$1,373
State Trust Funds$676$688$1,315$1,882$2,149$2,037$1,999$1,992
Grand Total$106,152$143,102$171,046$184,493$189,250$186,424$195,460$215,285

Total appropriations have roughly doubled since FY2019, from $106.1 billion to a projected $215.3 billion in FY2026. General Funds show steady, compounding growth, indicating rising baseline operating costs, while Special State Funds account for the largest single expansion. Federal Trust Funds peaked in FY2022 and have declined since, opening a short-term funding gap as federal pandemic-era aid fades.

*Preliminary data. Source: Office of the Comptroller, Statewide Accounting Management Data Warehouse, as of 7/21/25.

$ billions, 2019–2027 actual, 2028–2031 projected. Source: Statewide Accounting Management System Data Warehouse; Governor's Office of Management and Budget.

Illinois General Funds expenditures rose 37% between FY2019 and FY2026, and GOMB's own projections show a further climb to roughly $66 billion by FY2031, a 64% increase from FY2019 in just twelve years.

Cumulative growth since 2019. 2026–2031 are GOMB projections. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis; Governor's Office of Management and Budget.

5x Faster
Illinois expenditure growth is roughly five times faster than real GDP growth (33.7% vs. 7.2%, FY2019–2025).
Half the National Rate
Illinois' real GDP growth is about half the national rate (7.2% vs. 14.5%, FY2025).
2026 Deficit
Illinois expenditure growth is projected to outpace state revenue growth beginning in 2026, per GOMB.

Annual percent change in real GDP. 2025 reported through Q3 only. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis.

Averaged across FY2019–2025, Illinois' real GDP grew about 1% per year, roughly half the 2.1% national average annual rate.

→ Government Spending
  • Higher tax pressure
  • Rising debt
  • Long-term fiscal strain
  • Growing fiscal risk
→ Economic Growth
  • Slower growth
  • Businesses leaving
  • Reduced investment
  • Fewer opportunities
  • Disadvantageous tax structures
→ Outcome
  • Increased taxpayer burden
  • Limited future growth
  • Weaker economic outcomes
  • Population stagnation or decline

Projected Illinois tax revenue as the state economy grows. Source: Prof. David Merriman & Prof. Richard Funderburg.

Rather than raising rates, growing the underlying economy from $1.2 trillion to $1.4 trillion would, on these middle estimates, lift combined individual income, corporate income, and sales tax revenue from about $47 billion to $54.5 billion, without a single tax increase. As the saying goes: a rising tide lifts all boats.

Key Takeaway Illinois' budget has doubled in six years, General Funds spending is growing five times faster than the real economy that ultimately has to pay for it, and GOMB's own numbers show expenditures overtaking revenue starting in 2026, a gap that either gets closed by faster growth or by higher taxes.
Prices are up, supply is slow to recover, and two bills disagree on the fix

Illinois' Housing Crisis

The typical Illinois home now costs nearly 50% more than it did before the pandemic, and the state's supply of homes for sale has recovered far more slowly than the nation's. Outdated, locally-fragmented building codes are part of the reason, and two competing bills in Springfield offer very different fixes.

$285,736
the typical Illinois home price, according to Zillow's Home Value Index, up 48.6% since March 2019. Homeownership is increasingly out of reach for many Illinois families, and prices are lagging the national average in recovery.

Source: LyLena Estabine, Illinois Policy, 2026, citing Zillow Home Value Index.

Approximate active home listings as a percent of 2019 levels. Source: Illinois Policy, analysis of Realtor.com data.

Home sales fell nationwide during the pandemic, but Illinois has been far slower to recover: active listings sat around 32% of 2019 levels recently, compared with roughly 82% nationally. Housing starts tell a similar story: after a steep drop in 2025, they're rising again, but S&P Global still projects them well below the level needed to attract or retain residents through 2027.

These signals track the same Illinois Forecast at a Glance data from the top of this page, S&P Global's 2025→2027 outlook for output, employment, population, income, and housing starts, read through the Commission on Government Forecasting and Accountability's own framing of what's improving and what isn't.

Signal2025→2027Read
Real Gross State Product▲ +2.8%Positive
Personal Income▲ +10.8%Positive
Total Employment▼ −0.5%Negative
Population▼ −0.5%Negative
Unemployment Rate▲ +0.9 ptsNegative
Private Housing Starts▲ +16.7%Moderate (still low)

Positive Signals

  • Illinois is producing more goods and services
  • Residents have more buying power

Negative Signals

  • Fewer people are working
  • Residents are leaving the state
  • More people are unemployed

Housing starts are rising after the steep 2025 drop, but remain at levels the Commission calls too low to attract or retain residents, a moderate signal layered on top of the clearer positives and negatives above.

Source: Commission on Government Forecasting and Accountability, FY2027 Economic Forecast; S&P Global, Illinois Forecasts, April 2026.

Definition
Housing types like duplexes, triplexes, fourplexes, cottage courts, and small multiunit buildings that sit between single-family homes and large apartment complexes.
Why Now?
84% of Illinois voters say the cost of renting or buying a home is a major problem. Solutions like multigenerational living are on the rise, and existing homes are increasingly being repurposed into middle housing.
Increased Support Needed
Municipalities often zone out middle housing, and construction barriers make renovation unaffordable, driving the need for new legislation and updated building codes.

Source: AARP Illinois, Housing Affordability Solutions, 2026.

IECC
Energy Conservation Code
Illinois has adopted the 2024 edition statewide, the newest and strictest available, making renewable-energy requirements a significant construction cost and a barrier to affordable housing.
IRC
Residential Code
Governs all residential builds where adopted, but does not currently reflect or address the need for middle housing.
IBC
Commercial Building Code
Most middle housing currently falls under this code by default, meaning a duplex can require the same sprinklers and elevators as a tall apartment building, a major cost barrier.
IEBC
Existing Building Code
Adoption varies by municipality, but these rules govern what's legally possible when renovating or converting a home into middle housing.

Illinois has adopted the strictest energy code (2024 IECC) of any Midwest state, the only one to do so, but has left every other code decision to local authorities, producing a patchwork with more local variation than any neighboring state. The next edition (the 2027 codes) is expected by the end of 2026.

Source: ICC Code Adoption Database; DOE Building Energy Codes Program.

StateIBCIRCIFCIMCIPCIECC-RIECC-C
IllinoisLocalLocalLocalLocalLocal20242024
Iowa2024202420242021N/A20122012
Indiana20122018201220122006201890.1
Ohio2021201820212021202120182021
Wisconsin2021N/A20212021200920212021
Minnesota20182018201820182018N/A2018
Michigan20212015N/A2021202120152021
MissouriLocalLocalLocalLocalLocalLocalLocal

"Local" = no statewide adoption; "N/A" = not adopted. Source: ICC Code Adoption Database; DOE Building Energy Codes Program.

Code reform doesn't mean sacrificing safety. Rolling the 2024 Energy Code back to 2018 adoptions could save $18,000–$24,000 on a typical 3,200-square-foot home, and updating plumbing codes to reflect modern water-conservation technology could save another $8,000–$16,000 per home, according to the Home Builders and Remodelers Association of Illinois.
HB5626: BUILD Program
State Mandate
  • State overrides local zoning authority to require middle housing
  • Duplexes, triplexes, fourplexes, courtyard housing, and ADUs must be allowed in single-family zones
  • Goal: 225,000 new housing units in 5 years
  • $100M for middle housing, $50M for first-time homebuyer down-payment assistance, $100M for infrastructure grants

Philosophy: preempt local zoning to force housing supply growth.

SB4200: REAL Housing Act
Local Incentives
  • Prohibits requiring approval of any development; municipalities keep total control
  • Municipalities choose to participate in exchange for incentives
  • Blight Elimination Program: IHDA/DCEO funding for demolition and remediation, priority to homeowners over developers
  • 5% state sales/use tax exemption on building materials; goal of reducing overall housing costs by 10%

Philosophy: reduce housing costs through incentives while municipalities retain full discretion.

Bottom line: The BUILD Program mandates new housing units, guaranteeing a statewide supply increase. The REAL Housing Act improves supply only indirectly, but covers more ground overall, tax incentives, blight elimination, and Local Government Distributive Fund provisions, while preserving local control.

Source: ILGA.gov.

Key Takeaway Illinois home prices are up nearly 50% since 2019 while supply recovery lags the nation badly, part of the problem is Illinois' own building codes, the strictest energy code in the Midwest paired with a patchwork of local rules elsewhere, and Springfield is now debating two fundamentally different fixes: mandate more housing, or incentivize it.
What Senator Balkema is co-sponsoring in Springfield

What Senator Balkema Is Doing

Senator Balkema has co-sponsored 89 economy-related bills this session, ranging from a proposed cap on spending growth to corporate tax credits, business permitting reform, and property tax relief.

SB1546
Caps General Funds Spending Growth

Limits growth in Illinois General Funds spending starting with the FY2027 budget, capping annual appropriations increases at the state's 10-year average GDP growth rate as measured by federal economic data.

SB2318
Civil Penalties for Misusing Banking Names

Signed into law as Public Act 104-0144. Allows the Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation to impose civil penalties on unchartered entities that misuse banking-related names or engage in misleading practices.

SB2683
Iroquois County Bond Referendum Extension

Signed into law as Public Act 104-0456. Extends the validity of school-construction bonds approved by Iroquois County CUSD 9 voters in a 2021 referendum to 10 years after the referendum date.

SB3441
Phases Out the Corporate Franchise Tax

Phases out Illinois corporate franchise taxes, eliminating payments due on or after January 1, 2029, with full repeal effective January 1, 2030.

Every economy-related bill Senator Balkema has co-sponsored this session. Search by bill number or keyword below.

Search Bills:
BillWhat It Does
HB2459CPA Licensing ReformUpdates Illinois CPA licensing rules by revising firm definitions, replacing "substantial equivalency" with "enhanced mobility," and creating new education and experience pathways for licensure beginning in 2027.
HB3725Utility Billing DeadlinesRequires local governments to bill utility customers within 12 months for residential and 24 months for non-residential service, with exceptions for fraud or meter tampering.
HB5040Protects Local Government Restricted FundsProhibits the State Comptroller from withholding or offsetting restricted federal, state, or grant-funded money owed to local governments, and protects those funds from garnishment or debt collection.
SB2290Adds Quantum Research to Data Center DefinitionAmends the Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity Law. Provides that a data center also includes a quantum research facility.
SB2318Civil Penalties for Misusing Banking NamesSigned into law as Public Act 104-0144. Allows the Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation to impose civil penalties on unchartered entities that misuse banking-related names or engage in misleading practices, particularly those that do not accept insured deposits as a core business.
SB2355Bars State Employees from Outside Pay for State WorkAmends the State Officials and Employees Ethics Act. Provides that no state employee may receive monetary or other compensation from any private party for work performed within the scope of employment by a state agency.
SB2382Tax Credit for Donating On-Site Child Care PropertyCreates an income tax credit for taxpayers who donate real property to an employer for use as on-site child care, equal to the property's fair market value as determined by the Department of Revenue.
SB2389Reinstates Centralized Purchasing ExemptionReinstates the sales and use tax exemption for property purchased from an Illinois retailer by a taxpayer engaged in centralized purchasing activities in Illinois.
SB2405Limits Surprise Ambulance BillingRequires insurers to cap patient costs for nonparticipating ground ambulance providers at in-network levels, establishes payment rules and an appeals process, and treats violations as consumer fraud enforceable by the Attorney General.
SB2458Quantum Research Tax CreditCreates a 13% state income tax credit for qualified quantum information science research and development expenditures, administered by the Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity.
SB2683Iroquois County Bond Referendum ExtensionSigned into law as Public Act 104-0456. Extends the validity of school-construction bonds approved by Iroquois County CUSD 9 voters in an April 2021 referendum to 10 years after the referendum date.
SB0056Paid Leave Exemption for H-2A WorkersAmends the Paid Leave for All Workers Act. Provides that "employee" does not include a worker participating in the H-2A temporary agricultural program.
SB0062Build Illinois Homes Tax CreditCreates the Build Illinois Homes Tax Credit, providing tax credits to owners of qualified low-income housing developments against income or insurance taxes.
SB0089Uniformed Services Income Tax DeductionExtends the active-duty military pay income tax deduction to all members of the uniformed services, and defines "uniformed services."
SB0133Vehicle Tax Exemption for Deployed ResidentsExempts from state sales and use taxes motor vehicles registered in Illinois by residents who acquired the vehicle while stationed out-of-state on active military duty.
SB0135Transferable EDGE Tax CreditsAllows businesses to transfer or sell certain Economic Development for a Growing Economy (EDGE) tax credits with state approval, and extends the carry-forward period from 5 to 10 years.
SB0136Flat 10% Local Government Revenue ShareChanges how income tax revenue is shared with local governments, replacing the current formula with a flat 10% monthly transfer into the Local Government Distributive Fund.
SB0137Doubles the Small Retailer Vendor DiscountDoubles the vendor's discount to 3.5% of amounts collected for retailers or servicemen reporting less than $50,000 in monthly sales.
SB0140Income Tax Deduction for TipsCreates an income tax deduction for gratuities included in a taxpayer's federal adjusted gross income.
SB0148First-Time Homebuyer Savings AccountsCreates tax-advantaged savings accounts for first-time and second-chance homebuyers to save for single-family home purchases, with rules for contributions and qualified withdrawals.
SB0171Expands Business Enterprise Act to VeteransExpands the Business Enterprise Act to include veterans and veteran-owned businesses alongside minority-, women-, and disability-owned businesses, updating procurement rules and penalties for false certification.
SB0270Independent Living Center GrantsAppropriates $16,358,900 from the General Revenue Fund to DHS Rehabilitation Services for grants to independent living centers.
SB0315Artificial Intelligence Safety Measures ActSigned into law as Public Act 104-0538. Requires large frontier AI developers to publish and annually update a risk-management framework covering catastrophic-risk assessment, cybersecurity, third-party evaluation, and transparency reporting before deploying new models.
SB1093Income Tax Act Technical ChangeAmends the Illinois Income Tax Act. Makes a technical change in a Section concerning the short title.
SB1939Motor Vehicle Franchise ProtectionsAmends the Motor Vehicle Franchise Act. Makes it a violation for manufacturers or distributors to sell new vehicles directly to consumers or to bypass an existing franchise dealer network in the state.
SB1236Streamlines Business PermittingStrengthens the Office of Business Permits and Regulatory Assistance, requiring improved interagency coordination, technology-driven permit tracking, and an Interagency Permitting Advisory Committee.
SB1240Limits Unfunded State MandatesLimits unfunded state mandates on local governments, making them unenforceable without state funding, allows voter referenda on property tax growth limits, and increases income tax distributions to local governments.
SB1271Legacy & Employee Tax CreditsCreates a legacy tax credit for businesses headquartered in Illinois, plus an employee tax credit and a collective bargaining employee tax credit.
SB1304Eliminates First-Year Business License FeesEncourages eliminating all first-year licensing and registration fees for new businesses, including home-based businesses, established beginning January 1, 2026.
SB1505Extends Small Business Job Creation CreditExtends the Small Business Job Creation Tax Credit through 2032, updates full-time employee eligibility rules, and requires replacement hires within 8 weeks to maintain eligibility.
SB1546Caps General Funds Spending GrowthLimits growth in Illinois General Funds spending starting with the FY2027 budget, capping annual appropriations increases at the state's 10-year average GDP growth rate.
SB1606Nursing & Mental Health Medicaid Rate IncreaseIncreases Medicaid reimbursement rates for nursing and specialized mental health facilities based on CPI inflation from a June 30, 2024 baseline, effective January 1, 2026, subject to federal approval.
SB1646Early Childhood Teacher Tax CreditCreates a state income tax credit for early childhood teachers and assistants earning $75,000 or less, $1,000 for 2026–2027 with later inflation adjustments.
SB1647Preschool Tuition Tax CreditCreates an income tax credit of up to $1,500 per child for taxpayers whose children attend an eligible preschool program in Illinois.
SB1699Reporting on Noncitizen SpendingRequires DHS to publish annual reports on state spending for noncitizen and asylum-seeking populations beginning November 15, 2025, with detailed breakdowns in state budgets starting FY2027.
SB1734Permanent Standard Exemption COLAMakes the cost-of-living adjustment to the standard income tax exemption permanent, rather than expiring for taxable years after December 31, 2028.
SB1759Route 6 Expansion FundingAppropriates $50,000,000 to IDOT for the expansion of Route 6 from Brisbin Road to Ridge Road.
SB1761Blighted Commercial Building GrantsRequires DCEO to establish a grant program for local governments to demolish or repair commercial buildings that are detrimental to public health or safety due to disrepair.
SB1762Commercial Demolition Grant FundingAppropriates $10 million to DCEO for grants to local governments for demolition or repair of dilapidated or code-violating commercial buildings.
SB1835Manufacturing Capital Investment Tax CreditCreates a 10% income tax credit for manufacturing capital investments, or 15% in rural or economically challenged areas, capped at $10 million per taxpayer annually ($20 million for distressed areas).
SB1888Extends Centralized Purchasing Tax ExemptionExtends the sales tax exemption for property purchased by taxpayers engaged in centralized purchasing activities in Illinois through December 31, 2031.
SB1916Recyclable Metal Dealer RulesAllows sale of recyclable metal, including detached catalytic converters, with written proof of ownership, requiring dealers to retain documentation and updating terminology.
SB1959Local Impact Fee TransparencyIncreases transparency for local government impact fees, requiring online posting of advisory committee members and minutes; noncompliant governments must refund fees with interest.
SB1994Credit Union Regulatory UpdatesUpdates Illinois credit union regulations to allow information sharing in suspected elder/disabled financial exploitation cases, reduces board meeting requirements, and eases merger procedures.
SB2045Unemployment Benefit Payment RulesProvides that the Department of Employment Security shall make unemployment benefit payments based on the state's average unemployment rate, effective January 1, 2026.
SB2046I-80 Interchange FundingAppropriates $350 million to IDOT for construction of a new interchange at Minooka Road on I-80 to accommodate increased traffic volume.
SB2047Self-Certification for Building PermitsCreates a self-certification program allowing qualified design professionals in participating municipalities to certify building permit compliance, overseen by the Capital Development Board.
SB2053Convention & Tourism Grant Match ReductionReduces required matching funds for convention and tourism bureau grants to 25% starting FY2026, and updates hotel tax revenue distribution.
SB2097Foster Care Expense Tax CreditCreates an income tax credit equal to foster care expenses, up to $1,000 per year, paid by a taxpayer for a qualified dependent child.
SB2263Child Care Tax CreditCreates a child care tax credit equal to 25% of the federal tax credit for each qualifying child.
SB2276Eliminates the Corporate Franchise TaxAdjusts corporate carryover deduction limitations to apply only through December 31, 2025, and eliminates the corporate franchise tax beginning January 1, 2026.
SB2277Expands Employer Child Care Tax CreditIncreases the corporate income tax credit for employee child care to 50% of start-up costs and 20% of ongoing expenses, and allows partnerships with independent providers.
SB2744Disability Hiring Tax CreditCreates an income tax credit for employers who hire individuals with developmental disabilities or severe mental illness, equal to 25% of wages paid, capped at $6,000 per employee per year.
SB2951Mortgage Foreclosure Time LimitAmends the Code of Civil Procedure and Probate Act. Sets a 10-year period to commence a foreclosure action on mortgage-secured debt, and adds creditor-approval protections in probate real estate sales.
SB2763ACA Premium Tax DeductionCreates an income tax deduction for ACA Marketplace health insurance premiums and qualified out-of-pocket medical expenses.
SB2887Unemployment Benefit Payment RulesProvides that the Department of Employment Security shall make unemployment benefit payments based on the state's average unemployment rate.
SB2888Narrows Paid Leave "Employee" DefinitionNarrows the definition of "employee" under the Paid Leave for All Workers Act, excluding certain college and high school student workers.
SB2982Employee Ownership GrantAppropriates $700,000 to DCEO for a grant to the Illinois Center for Employee Ownership to expand education on employee ownership transitions and small business succession.
SB3047Excludes Veteran Disability Pay from Benefit TestsExcludes veterans' disability benefits from income calculations for Medicaid, child care assistance, and SNAP eligibility.
SB3067Transferable New Markets Tax CreditsAllows New Markets Development Program tax credits to be transferred to affiliates, sets a $37 million annual cap beginning FY2030.
SB3114Transparency in Downcoding ActRequires health insurance payors to have downcoding decisions reviewed by a qualified person, prohibits automated or diagnosis-only downcoding, and establishes dispute procedures.
SB3121Repeals Business Interest Deduction ModificationRepeals provisions concerning an addition or modification related to the business interest deduction under the Internal Revenue Code.
SB3873Permanent R&D Tax CreditAmends the Illinois Income Tax Act. Makes the state's research and development tax credit permanent rather than subject to periodic expiration.
SB4004Data Center Aquifer Protection ActCreates the Data Center Water Transparency and Aquifer Protection Act, barring data centers from withdrawing groundwater from the Mahomet Aquifer beginning in 2027 and requiring existing data centers to transition to alternative water sources by 2028.
SB4198SIU Corn-to-Ethanol Research FundingAppropriates $15,000,000 to the SIU Board of Trustees to expand the National Corn-to-Ethanol Research Center at SIU Edwardsville, growing research capacity and biomanufacturing workforce training.
SB4203Community Benefit Agreements for Data CentersAmends the DCEO Law. Requires data center operators receiving state tax certificates of exemption to execute a community benefit agreement with their host community, including minimum annual payments.
SB3122Biometric Information Privacy Act UpdatesRefines definitions, adds exemptions for uses like biometric time clocks, requires 30-day notice before lawsuits, and sets a one-year statute of limitations.
SB3216Early Childhood Teacher Tax CreditCreates a $1,000 income tax credit for early childhood teachers and assistants earning $75,000 or less for tax years 2026–2027, with inflation adjustments after.
SB3420Expands Employer Child Care CreditIncreases the corporate child care tax credit to 30% of start-up costs and 10% of operating expenses, and creates a new 10% credit for qualified small businesses.
SB3441Phases Out the Corporate Franchise TaxPhases out Illinois corporate franchise taxes, eliminating payments due on or after January 1, 2029, with full repeal effective January 1, 2030.
SB3535Small Employer Paid Leave Tax CreditCreates an income tax credit for small employers (50 or fewer employees) equal to the amount paid to employees as required paid leave.
SB3619Health Reimbursement Arrangement CreditCreates an income tax credit of $400 per covered employee in year one and $200 in year two for employers contributing to a health reimbursement arrangement.
SB3622Narrows Paid Leave Act CoverageExcludes interstate goods transportation employees, flexibly-scheduled employees, and small businesses under 15 employees from the Paid Leave for All Workers Act.
SB3768Permitting Technology GrantsAllows the Office of Business Permits and Regulatory Assistance to create a grant program for local governments to improve permitting and licensing technology.
SB3780Flat 10% Local Government Revenue ShareReplaces the current income tax distribution formula for local governments with a flat 10% monthly transfer into the Local Government Distributive Fund.
SB3786Legacy & Employee Tax CreditsCreates a legacy tax credit for businesses headquartered in Illinois, plus an employee tax credit and a collective bargaining employee tax credit.
SB3790Reinstates Centralized Purchasing ExemptionReinstates and extends the sales tax exemption for property purchased by taxpayers engaged in centralized purchasing activities through June 30, 2031.
SB3792Income Tax Deduction for TipsCreates an income tax deduction for gratuities included in a taxpayer's federal adjusted gross income.
SB3799Partnership Entity-Level Tax ElectionAllows partnerships making an entity-level tax election to choose between a full distributive share method or an Illinois-sourced income method for their tax base.
SB3843Marketplace Seller Sales Tax AuditsAllows the Department of Revenue to audit marketplace sellers and delivery network companies, and permits delivery companies to deduct taxes already paid to sellers.
SB3848Homeowners Insurance Premium DeductionCreates an income tax deduction for year-over-year increases in homeowner's insurance premiums on a principal residence, limited to one per property.
SB3869Sales Tax Exemption for DiapersExempts diapers for use by infants, children, or adults from state sales, use, and occupation taxes.
SB3959Welcome Home Illinois Tax CreditCreates the Welcome Home Illinois tax credit, providing first-time homebuyers of a principal Illinois residence a $500 income tax credit.
SB3986Blocks Motor Fuel Tax CPI IncreaseProvides that the July 1, 2026 motor fuel tax increase based on the Consumer Price Index shall not occur.
SB4205Temporary Motor Fuel Tax CutReduces sales and use taxes on motor fuel and gasohol to 1.25% from July 1 through December 31, 2026.
SB4211Multi-Agency Appropriation DocumentationRequires bill amendments containing appropriations for more than one state agency to be accompanied by certain supplemental documentation.
SR0114Opposes a Progressive Income TaxOpposes a progressive income tax in Illinois and opposes reconsidering any constitutional amendment to change the flat-rate income tax language of the Illinois Constitution.
SR0196Recognizes Caterpillar Inc.'s CentennialRecognizes Caterpillar Inc. on the occasion of its 100th anniversary, commending its achievements and contributions to the economy and society.
SJR0031Supports Small & Midsize ManufacturersReaffirms legislative support for small and midsize manufacturers in Illinois and urges formation of a task force to address their needs.

Bill numbers link to each bill's official status page on the Illinois General Assembly website (104th General Assembly).

Key Takeaway The economy-related bills Senator Balkema has co-sponsored this session cluster into a few buckets: tax credits and carve-outs for specific industries or activities, business permitting and regulatory reform, property tax and estate tax relief, and a small but significant push to tie state spending growth to the size of the actual economy.
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Illinois Economy Presentation

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